Chapter13 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chapter13 - Essay ExampleMoreover, warnings against excessive use of such products ar in particular explicit.Negotiations are fundamental for the peaceful coexistence of nations. This is because its main objective is to come up with a win-win situation tabu of a conflict. Deception, evasiveness, or collusion are simply out of bounds during negotiations. This is because there is no photographic plate against which these vices are to be weighed to create a limit beyond which they become unacceptable. Further, these vices misguide negotiations to reach a premature deal that cannot suffer.Legality of a tactic in negotiations has no bearing on whether it is ethical or not. This is because, though the aim of negotiation is striking a balance, it hardly comes to that as each companionship always aims at achieving what is best for them. These tactics, therefore, come in handy for them to fool the other into believing that their stand is the best for both of them.Contrary to coarse be lief, it is not naive to be entirely honest during negotiations. This is because adequate disclosure of facts is the best point to start. A clear statement of the facts also creates an environment that allows parties to evaluate their options. fairness helps them come up with suitable solutions that fully take care of their interests. Deception often makes a caller wary of some topics during the negotiations, and this renders the whole affair futile.Rules that govern negotiations are not unique as they are objective and aim to satisfy those pertinent to the negotiation in utmost good faith. Negotiations adhere to common law. Adjustments take place in accordance with morality and ethics social justice.Impression management whitethorn not be the same as lying, but this does not make it any less of a concern. This is because fabrication of such lies quenches the situation pending discovery. When the discovery takes place, which happens eventually,

Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 13

Critique - Essay eventHowever, the writer develops her argument convincingly with a comprehensive list of reasons and explanatory evidence from her experience.Kiefers principal(prenominal) argument is that students who learn writing online lose more than their counterparts in an on-campus classroom. The condition begins with a brief handling on the theoretical and pedagogical foundations based on which the argument of the article is based. According to the author, the main final stage of writing classes should be to raise awareness of writing as a situated communication (Kiefer, 2007, p.141), which could be best achieved only in a collaborative learning environment involving rich inter movementions between students. The article draws on the theories of situatedness of language and the need to construct meaning in context (ibid). Based on such a notion of writing as a process and learning as a common and shared activity, Kiefer advances her argument.Kiefers theoretical assumpt ions dictate the goals and nature of writing classes, which she uses as a base to approximate online writing classes. The argument focuses on the shortcomings of online writing classes she has witnessed in her experience as a teacher in both face-to-face and online classes. The three key features she presents are technological impediments, time constraints, attitudes toward education (Kiefer, 2007, p.151), which she calls as deficits that act collectively to deprive online students of the wealth of learning that an on-campus student receives. In terms of the technological features of online classrooms, the article refers to specialized examples of widely used computer applications and argues that they do not support the goals of writing courses adequately as such online classroom technology is designed for lectures and not for interactive writing classes. Even if it happens to

Reading-Writing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reading-Writing - Assignment ExampleHe shares that todays shows have a Sleeper Curve which challenges humans to think while watching. Johnson also states that multi-threading is very mutual in TV programs now unlike in preferably shows such as Starksy & Hutch or Dragnet. (p. 51) He goes on further to say that this new practice of watching TV has brought on other benefits aside from a smarter audience. The change in TV shows has made more money for the frolic industry, more complex shows and a more intelligent audience.Steven Johnson writes that the Sleeper Curve is the single most grand new force altering the mental development of young people today, and I believe it is by and large a force for good enhancing our cognitive faculties, not dumbing them down (p. 50). The Sleeper Curve is the entertainments way of making culture smarter. It is evident in the gradual layering of plots in TV programs such as 24 where a single scene can present more than one plot. In earlier generations , a shows plot was so simple. The Nanny was a series that revolved more or less an unconventional nanny who managed an uptight British widowers household and took care of his kids. Beverly Hills 90210 was about a group of teenagers trying to survive high school. Melrose Place gave audiences a glimpse of the lives of people living in an apartment complex. The stories in these shows and other similar ones were easy enough to understand that missing one chronological sequence would not affect understanding of the whole story. They did little to get the viewers glued to the screen. People watched without exerting untold effort in critical thinking and analysis. Nowadays, however, shows like Prisonbreak, 24, Sopranos, CSI Las Vegas and the like cause viewers to eagerly anticipate and theorize why particular events happened or what events would probably

Kosovo (how does it illustrate political and cultural globalization) Essay

Kosovo (how does it illustrate political and cultural globalization) - Essay physical exertionKosovos case has been forwarded to the international court its ease of getting accepted as a stop legal entity will be dependent on this case result. This fight began when Serbs left the control of Kosovo later on the intervention of NATO, during Kosovo war and handed it over to the United Nations which has gradually forwarded the rule to Kosovos institutions (Belgrade, 2009). After getting power, Kosovo started working towards attaining status of a separate recognized state. The fight is still on between devil different ethnic groups, Serbian and Kosovos over this show up. The battle between Serbs and Kosovos over the issue of independence has been taken forward to the United Nations international court of justice. The reason seat this issue has not been resolved yet because as it has been already stated that 90% of the population of Kosovo consists of Albanians term the rest belong s to the Serbian ethnicity there exists conflict between Serbs and Kosovo over the issue of not allowing Serbians living in the territory of Kosovo to participate in the government and having a right to express themselves.

Discussion 3, ch 16 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Discussion 3, ch 16 - Assignment ExampleThe advanced forms of machinery alike ensured that production in spite of appearance industries was more effective because the machinery came to cater for deficiencies with manpower such as human errors and fatigue, which slowed down production (Weathers, 73). intentness was another factor that aided in the growth in wealth as turn over accounts as an important input to production, meaning that the more labor there is, the more the level of production substructure be guaranteed. Earlier, industries spent so much on labor, making it impossible to employ a honourable number of laborers to man the industries and thus affecting production negatively.As there was being an improvement in the economic wealth of the country as informed by the industrialization, it was expected that employees who were behind this growth would also benefit accordingly. This however was not the situation as employees had a strong feeling that they were being use unf airly in working more than they were paid or remunerated with. As this happened, it became important that the employees guard their voices and grievances heard by appropriate quarters and authorities who could address their issues. One way by which the employee fierceness did this was to form national labor unions that delineate the collective voice of the employee force (Kautsky, 34). Another way for the labor force, mostly through the unions available to stage strikes, which prevented them from giving off their expertise and skills all together so that their employers would be aware of their challenges and address these appropriately. These two approaches were generally positive and influential as the interests of the employees became generally represented through the approaches they used.3. In the late 1800s in the United States, workers transitioned from mostly agricultural workers to mostly industrial workers, and you realize read the history of that transition. Today, worke rs in the United States are transitioning from

Intermediate accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Intermediate accounting - Essay ExampleThis is because the problems with outlaststock mart are seasonal worker and past experience and solutions largely serve as guiding principles for present and even the foreseeable future(a) anomalies.Three Little Pigs Inc. is a public entity with three types of inventories viz. live hogs ready for sale, developing animals, and impact pork products consisting of loins, ham and bacon. The Company maintains live hogs and process plants at various locations. Also, there are live hogs in some locations which cannot be easily transported and processed at the Companys main processing plants, and, as a result, these live hogs have to be sold to thirdly parties at spot market prices.The current problem the prudence is facing is the result of spot market prices for live hogs that have diminutiond. The causes mentioned for the decline are not specific except the capture of the Big Bad Wolf. Whatever the reasons, they are potent enough to bring about a decline in prices due to surplus production. However, the management take by its CEO, Farmer Joe, is confident of a turnaround during the third and fourth quarters of the year with a specifically good projection for the last quarter. The management is also positive that the intact revenues for the pork products and total revenues for sale of live hogs to third parties, based on current spot prices, will be social enough to offset losses incurred due to price decline in the second quarter.Due to the swag in the second quarter, the management is of the view that there may be lower of cost or market issues involved in the Companys inventory of live hogs and developing animals held for sale to third parties as on September 30, 2002. Thus, the urge to go for evil evaluation is present. (Lower of Cost or Market)However, management must be cautious in acting upon impairment evaluation although expert opinion of impairment evaluators can help increase

Artical Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Artical - Article ExampleThis document examines the consequence of learning and schoolroom to the students.The relationship amid student and the teachers affect the learning outcome in the classroom environment. information requires an interactive environment where both the learner and the tutor respect each other and do a peaceful and enabling learning atmosphere (Berliner & Calfee, 2013). Teachers have a responsibility to instill suss out in class, and the students take a keen interest in what they are taught. The discipline and respect between the learners and the teacher influence the communication between them and what the students can touch (Berliner & Calfee, 2013). The teacher has a duty to practise the learning environment in the either in the classroom. Therefore, teachers play a vital parting in education by influencing the learning environment and the outcome of the learning.Thinking about education and class invokes the role of teacher in establishing an enabling environment. The role of a teacher cannot be exaggerated because without the teacher in that respect is little learning and students cannot achieve their targets. The teacher is concerned in giving guidelines to the students in order to achieve an individual target (Berliner & Calfee, 2013). They organize learners in the classroom and focus their mind towards a particular target. Learning is only come-at-able through adequate instructions from the teachers on how to achieve specific goals. Teachers must be active in planning for various instructions on a given subject in order to achieve the learning goal (Berliner & Calfee, 2013). They ensure students can follow up what they are taught in the classroom and relate it to their specific goals in order to achieve the best outcome.Effective learning is possible through a well-designed classroom curriculum. The teacher has a responsibility to break down the learning

Cell molecular biology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cell molecular biology - Essay Examplearray expression data for the cyclin genes of Tetrhymena thermophila were accumulate in an attempt to assess the role of individual cyclin gene products in the complex affect of jointure that characterizes the mobile phone piece cycle of this unicellular eukaryotic microorganism. The expression data were obtained from genomic databases and also from reverse transcriptase-polymerase fibril reactions (RT-PCR) performed to explore the cyclic expression patterns of the cyclin mRNAs during the cell cycle of T. thermophila. The results of this analysis indicated that most of the 23 identified cyclin genes in this microorganism are transcriptionally activated at specific points during the cell cycle. The combined assessment of expression patterns and proportional sequence analysis with studies that detail the sequence of cellular events that characterizes the process of conjugation were used to generate a hypothesis about the putative functions o f each of the cyclin genes of T. thermophila in the unique series of meiotic and meitotic cell divisions that characterizes the process of conjugation.The process of cell division in the ciliated protozoans involves a complex pattern of meiotic and mitotic cell divisions as well as major nuclear restructuring events that comprise a mode of cell division that involves mechanisms of genetic exchange that characterize the unique pattern of sexual reproduction in this primitive eukaryotic microorganism that is called conjugation. This process is initiated in response to stressful environmental conditions. The initial event involves the pairing of dickens cells of different mating types (I-IV) followed by meiosis and the exchange of the haploid nuclei produced during meiotic cell division. Subsequently, the nucleus of the fertilized ovum in each cell engages in several rounds of mitotic cell division. The end result is the production of both nuclei with each cell a transcriptionally si lent micronucleus and a transcriptionally active

Catholic Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Catholic - Research Paper ExampleAll these modify them to say consecrated in order to experience a deeper sense of spirituality (Laurent 116). The Catholic perform sticks strictly to its rituals. An infant born to a catholic m an other(a)(prenominal) gets its introduction to the catholic faith and rituals at an early jump on. This is usu all in ally through infant baptism. A few months after birth, infants undergo baptism and receive Christian names. The catholic baptism involves washing of the head with water and not full immersion into water as other religions do (OGrady 157). As the infants grow up, they receive stepwise introduction to the catholic belief and teachings. Before the age of ten, they are able to recite most of the common prayers and liturgies. Towards the early teenage, these children enroll in catechism classes whereby they receive a deeper teaching on all values and rituals observed during the catholic worship. It is upon their understanding and appreciation of such that they execute baptism pop of their own initiative at this age. Later, they get confirmed after more catechism classes accompanied by usual practice of what they learn. by and by baptism confirmation, they can now celebrate mass just like other mature catholic devotees (OGrady 161). There is a specific order that the Christians follow in their worship. In all step of the worship, there are rituals that they observe (OGrady 7). ... In some occasions, the non-Christian priest proceeds to carry out the rite of blessing that involves sprinkling of the people with water symbolic of their baptism. In other cases, the priest may opt for the penitential rite that involves expression of guilt over their transgressions. The Kyrie, Gloria acclamations then follow on all Sundays except during lent, and advent. The liturgy of the word then follows. This involves two readings separated by a relevant responsorial psalm. After the two readings, the entire group rises up to sing the Go spel acclamation. The gospel proclamation by the priest then follows. After the gospel proclamation, a sermon follows referred to as the homily and during this time the people discern their seats. After the homily, the people indulge in a profession of their faith by reciting the apostles or Nicene creed. Liturgy of the Eucharist follows and this begins with presentation of gifts and then preparation of the altar (OGrady 164). The priest prays over the gifts and then goes on to lead the Eucharistic prayer. The worshippers recite the holy acclamation, then the memorial and then the priest recites the doxology and the worshippers respond in a massive Amen. The worshippers are now ready to meet of the communion ritual. It starts with a recitation of the professionals Prayer followed by the sign of peace and then the breaking of bread. After breaking of the bread, they partake of the Holy Communion. After receiving of the communion, the people kneel for silent individual prayers. Du ring the communion, relevant songs prevail and the priests lead a prayer after the communion. After this, announcements may follow and then the conclusion rite with the priest verbalism a prayer and wishing the people peace (OGrady 147). The catholic calendar of

Contemporary Muslim Interpretation of Islam and Democracy Essay

Contemporary Muslim Interpretation of Islam and nation - Essay ExampleReconciling Islam and DemocracyThree components of Islamic good ideology are slackly viewed as being incompatible with civil liberties or democracy, namely, corporal punishments, the legal inequality between Muslims and non-Muslims, and the legal gender inequality (Bowering, 2012, p. 129). Those who do not support the argument that governance in modern states has to be carried out within the context of Islamic legal doctrine do view trust as an integral foundation of a political system. They stress that democratic regimes depend on the presence of a particular philosophy for the people to comply with the law and for leaders to focus on the amuses of the general public. As stated by Soroush, Democracy cannot prosper without commitment to moral precepts. It is here that the great debt of democracy to religion is revealed Religions, as bulwarks of morality, can serve as the best guarantors of democracy (Bowering, 2012, p. 130). Although democratic regimes have to be candid towards religion and other worldviews, they do depend on moral codes, of which religious traditions could be a basis, including republican and constitutional principles. Mohammad Arkoun is one of the leading supporters of moderate Islam and Islamic modernity at present. Arkouns major interest is analysing both Islamic and Western traditions, and, at the same time, to develop a new jurisprudential and philosophic model of interpreting and applying Islam.. He has promoted controversial, revolutionary views.

Environmental audit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Environmental study - Essay ExampleDISCUSSION Anything that impinges on the firm can be included in the milieu. The milieu is not stable in fact, it is increasingly turbulent due to the era of change and uncertainty in which we live. Changes atomic number 18 happening faster and faster, requiring continual response on the part of businesses. Thereby, it is becoming increasingly dogmatic for companies to carry out feasibility studies and environmental audits to assess the nature of the new market and plan the strategies accordingly. Tesco is unmatched of the largest food retailers on the globe. It operates approximately 2318 stores and its employer base is over 326,000 people. The largest market of Tesco is UK where it operates under four banners including Extra, Superstore, Metro and Express. Tesco spans itself over almost 40,000 food products along with clothing and other non-food lines. Moreover, the companys self owned products which make 50 portion of the sales are at thr ee levels, value, normal and finest. Tesco has geographically expanded it self to locate in six countries in Europe along with UK, the Republic of Ireland, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Turkey and Poland. It also operates in Asia, southwesterly Korea, Thailand, Malaysia, Japan and Taiwan Jordan is a constitutional monarchy which gained independence from the British in 1946. It consists of a well-educated race and the economy is supported through foreign loans, remittances and international aid.. The environmental audit revolves around the PESTLE factors, which are the political, stintingal, social, technological, legal and environmental elements. The PESTLE analysis would be used to develop strategies to help understand the environment that the company is entering and would operate in future. PESTLE analysis gives an overall picture of the feasibility of the supposition and helps the organization in dealing with critical issues associated with entering an entirely new market . (Jewell, 2000) The political environment concerns the activities of the aver and trends in politics. Jordan is moving towards privatization, but still the government is in control. The mixture of privately and government-owned enterprises is called a confused economy. The Business Freedom count of Jordan is 68.7 Business freedom is referred to the quantitative measure that assesses the overall regulatory loading to start, operate and close a business and depicts the regulatory efficiency of the government. The business freedom score is cipher between 0 to 100, 100 being the score of countries with the freest business environment. (The Heritage Foundation, 2011) Operating in a globalized environment with stores around the globe, Tescos performance is highly influenced by the political and legislative conditions of the countries that it operates in, including the European Union (EU). (South, 2007) The economic variables play an important role in the environmental audit. The econ omic variables include the rate of maturation of fruit and income, the level of employment, the rate of inflation, the exchange rate and the balance of payments. (Jewell, 2000) Jordan has been progressing towards its economic infrastructure which has aided economic growth regardless of the challenging global economic environment. Levels of trade, fiscal, and investment freedom

Separation of church and state Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Separation of church and state - Essay mannikin First coined by Thomas Jefferson in his letter to Danbury Baptists Association in 1802, the phrase separation of church and state does not appear as such in the Constitution. But, in the First Amendment to the constitution, it is noted that relation shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, which in looking at translates to the sentiment expressed by Jefferson in his letter. Later, when the Supreme Court quoted Jeffersons original phrase in one of its cases, it got assimilated into American legal parlance. 3- What is the secular or liberal point of view? This governing dogma is celebrated by liberal sections of American society. At the time of the countrys founding a vast majority of its people were believers of Christian faith. So, while separation of church and state was accepted at a nominal level, there was seldom any need to enforce it. But as more(prenominal)(prenomi nal) waves of immigrants arrived on the countrys shores, bringing with them their native religious and cultural legacies, this principle found more frequent application in matters of public dispute. To this extent, liberal politicians and commentators much appreciate this separation. 4-What was the intent of the founding fathers horizontal among the group of intellectuals now recognized as the founding fathers of the country there were arguments and disagreements.

Internal Consumer Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Internal Consumer Behavior - Essay ExampleThis set of characteristics or sens said to be the personality of an individual. Since the late 19th- blow personality study has emerged as the sole way to escort a person and almost every discipline that is related to social study or forgiving relations, in the modern times, is trying to represent their points from the perspective of personality analysis of individuals. (Gilbert and Connolly, 1991, 23)The 19th and 20th century has witnessed great progress in the field of personality analysis and several famous figures have appeared in this arena who have interpreted human psychology in their own ways and it has helped them to come up with different types of personality theory. Results of such analysis have been used in various disciplines of human actions, kickoff from literature to selling of products. Among various other disciplines personality theories proved to be a boon for the telephone circuit houses and industrialists and these theories opened up different avenues to them through with they started reaching people in the way that was never experience before. Analysis of the personality theories helped the business house to understand their consumerist traits and they started to launch their products according to the desire of the mass. At the same time, various innovations were also implemented to the methods of advertising and the business groups, in order to expand their consumer circle, used advertising so that it can capitalize over personality traits of an individual. The personality theories can be classified into seven major divisions, namely, a) Trait theories, b) Type theories, c) Psychoanalytic theories, d) Behaviorist theories, e) Social cognitive theory, f) Humanistic theory and g) Biopsychological theories. (Awrshay, 1971)

Soul mate A myth or reality Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Soul mate A myth or reality - query Paper ExampleSubsequently, this paper explicates whether the laws of attraction get tos the concept of someone mates realistic.In terms of the classic mythology, the notion of soul mates originates from genus Zeus, the king of gods (Salemo 153). The soul mate allegory in Greek mythology follows that Zeus at one time was infuriated by the intrepid and audacious conduct of human beings and as a consequence, he resolved to bestow a punishment upon them (Salemo 153). The audacious attitude of human beings as portaged in the Greek mythology originated from the fact that human beings had eight limbs i.e. four arms and four legs, and dual faces. The gods mat that their authority would be challenged by human beings and to prevent this, Zeus split or separated piece into two move. Initially, Zeus plan appeared to have been an excellent and ingenious plan. Subsequently, his plan resulted to unanticipated problems. Therefore, as postulated by Salemo, he resolved to allow or make possible each one of the two parts to get together with the other matching part (153). Regardless of the fact that this mythology is acceptable, there are issues that make the mythology unfeasible. For instance, Salemo tear downs that the two matching parts may be located far from each other and so make it impossible for the individuals to meet or get together (154).The concept of soul mates as a myth is supported by Thibodeau. He supports his notion through a theory presented by Aristotle that Love is composed of a single soul inhabiting two bodies (22). In his argument, Thibodeau notes that Aristotle failed to consider the fact that either human being exists to develop his or her own soul (22). It is true that finding a soul mate translates to two individuals building a flawless relationship characteristic of mutual interests and attractions. However, it is important to note that each person, according to Thibodeau, is complete

Age of marriage Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

jump on of marri get on ceremony - Research Paper ExampleMarri board comes in many different forms across cultures, and has alter widely throughout history. Today in Western cultures, people tend to get get married afterward than in other parts of the world and later than previous generations within the same culture. Additionally, it will explore the possible consequences of people getting married at a later get along, including the possibility of a decline in divorce rates and longer periods of era spent on education and c beer-building prior to marriage and producing children. Section champion In the U.S., as well as other Western countries, the median age of marriage has increased dramatically in the last few years. For example, between 1890 and 1980, wo custody got married at the age of 22, with only slight fluctuations in the years between (Uecker & Stokes 840). Similarly, the age at which men got married very went d deliver between these years, going from 26 to 25 (U ecker & Stokes 840). Since 1980, however, the average age at marriage for both men and women has increased, with women in the year 2000 being 25.1 on average, and men being 26.8. People straightway are even older, with the last estimates in 2008 giving the median age for women as 26.1 and the average age for men being 28.2 (Uecker & Stokes 840). Not only has the median age increased, but fewer people are married in the U.S. than ever before, with a decrease in married individuals from 72% in 1960 to just oer half in 2008 (Uecker & Stokes 840), which is linked to the later age of marriage. There are a variety of reasons why people are choosing to get married at a later age. ... , however, women are actively advance into education and therefore are becoming more interested in working full- era, having a passage and participating in the working world as only men did at one time in history. Women who focus on their career have been shown to delay marriage, and to particularly delay h aving children (Lehrer & Chen 1), as these developments are distracting for women in the workplace. With these developments has come a reduced stigma for women choosing to live on their own, which means that it is like a shot socially acceptable for anyone to choose work and to be self-sufficient without a partner, leading to the amoralization of later age marriages. As the role of women has changed, so have their legal rights with respect to marriage. In 1933, for example, women were granted citizenship away of their husbands (Coontz 143), kernel that they were fully-fledged Americans, which they had not previously been. In 1975, married women began to be allowed to have financial credit in their own name (Coontz 145). It is decisions like these which make getting married less of a necessity for women (as they can now function independently) and more of a choice, which means that more and more people are taking their time over the decision and thus getting married later in life. Another reason why people are getting married later is due to the moral boundaries surrounding sex. Whereas previously, sex outside of marriage was frowned upon in most circles, it is now generally accepted outside of strict religion (Gilbert 222). One of the major reasons for getting married in the past was to have legitimate children with this boundary removed, there is no longer the pressure to get married so young. Additionally, many of those who got pregnant outside of marriage would

Problem solving Essay Example for Free

Problem solving EssayIntroduction This case is about a gross revenue supervisor, Debbies Ronson, having a group opposition with the sales subdivision. The coming together was held to discuss two things, genius last weeks performance, and two Debbie handed out a memo outlining a parvenu format for scheduling their calls. At the end of the meeting Debbie discussed the meeting to one of her fellow supervisors, saying she gives them a chance to talk in the meetings but there is never a response. Debbie believes they are either timid or disinterested in her meetings. Statement of Problem.In this case Debbie, the sales supervisor, held a meeting for the intravenous feeding basic meeting purposes, give information, exchange information, find facts and solve problems (296-297) using the leader-controlled approach(p. 297). During the first half of the meeting Debbie discussed last weeks performance. After discussing it she asked if there were any questions, no response. The second half of the meeting Debbie discussed the new schedule for calls, once again no response no ideas. The overall problem Debbie is having is the non-responsiveness from her sales department during meetings.Solution There are a few ways as to how Debbie can fuddle this problem. One she can take a second and see if this meeting is actually necessary to pass on asking herself why are we here? and having a clear purpose which is also enabling different pre meeting plans to be developed to support the purpose of the meeting p301. Two Debbie could, clarify her expectations of the meeting (p304). At the beginning of the meeting Debbie can explain why this meeting was called for and that she is expecting to give information as wellspring as hearing feedback from the group.1. What might be some reasons for participants not saying much at Debbies meetings? Her department members could feel as though the meeting is pointless and would like to get back to their jobs, that to the department m embers, their job is more important. 2. Assume that you are a facilitation consultant. What advice would you give Debbie for encouraging participation in prospective meetings? If I was a facilitation consultant I would suggest Debbie to make sure she is prepared, that she is asking the right questions during the meeting.

Feudalism Study Essay Example for Free

feudal system Study EssayThere is no specific start or end date when it comes to feudalism in Germany or anywhere. It is best to say that feudalism in Europe occurred during the period known as the High Middle Ages. Classical feudalism occurred around the 10th light speed. The height of feudalism was during the 11th century and flourished in the 12th and 13th centuries. The decline started in the 13th century and continued until about the fifteenth century.Feudalism had its strong and weak points. Its strong points include things like a safer society, if compared to the late Roman pudding stone and to Barbaric invasions. Feudalism divided people who lived to fight from quiet people, who did not want to be snarly in wars. Wars were more(prenominal) diffused but seldom involving civilians. They were a problem between nobles. There was more social security people were linked to their vote strike down or work. Somebody could not take land from somebody else without a good re ason. The taxes were much lower than that of the late Roman Empire, and nothing if compared to today. The weak points of feudalism were that people were linked to their role a noble would always have to be a noble, a knight would always be ready to fight, a peasant could no nothing more than to be a peasant.Feudalism went away slowly in Germany. The approach of powerful monarchs in France, Spain, and England broke down local organization. Another disruptive force was the increase of communication, which broke down the isolated manor, assisted the rise of towns, and facilitated the emergence of the burgess class. This process was greatly accelerated in the 14th cent. and did much to destroy the feudal classifications of society. The system broke down gradually. It persisted in Germany until 1848. Many relics of feudalism still persist, and its influence remains on the institutions of Western Europe.

Macroeconomic Aims of a Government Essay Example for Free

Macroeconomic Aims of a Government EssayThe government and policymakers of a country intervenes in the economy in order to achieve economic growth, toll stability, and low respect of unemployment.First and fore close to, economic growth move be defined as an increase in the countrys payoff over a period of time. This means there is an increment in her productive capacity and then a rise in national income. A high economic growth is desirable as it represents an improvement in the material standard of living of the society. A rising real income per head brings close to a greater extent and better quality goods and services, which are available for consumptions of individuals. However, an improvement in the case of consumer welfare imputable to economic growth is highly doubtful if the growth is accompanied by undesirable side cause such as negative externalities, leisure time forgone or even a dilution in the societys usage custom.Through redistribution of income, econom ic growth can eliminate poverty. A higher output allows households to enjoy more goods and services thus generating higher income and through the multiplier effect increases national income by folds. Besides that, the governments assess revenue will rise too, leading to more benefits for the poor such as education and training. This whitethorn even help curb the problem of poverty.The authority also highly regards sustaining a stable price direct as a primary objective of economic policy. This is because inflation, defined as a free burning and inordinate increase in the general price level, could have harmful effects both mixerly and economically. A rising price level creates uncertainties and complicates decision-making, thus may hamper economic growth. Fluctuations in the level of prices makes information conveyed by prices harder to interpret. Consumer, firms, and the government may face a tough time in allocating finances or resources for the future in an inflationary envir onment.Furthermore, as the society strives to maintain its real value of income by keeping up with rising price level and competing with other social classes, the countrys social fabric could be severely strained. The mere existence of inflation means that the real value of money is falling. Thus, it will be necessary for the government to intervene inthe economy in order to prevent hyperinflation from happening. The countries that experienced the most extreme examples of trotting inflation are Argentine, Brazil and Russia. The slow growth brought about eventually crippled closely the entire economic system.Every government places a low rate of unemployment at the top of its priority. The destiny of total labor force unemployed makes up the rate of unemployment. Economic costs of unemployment can be devastating, as it could mean a lower Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to loss of potential income to factors of production, whilst social costs such as increased poverty, personal hardshi ps to individuals, decay of unused skills, raise in execration rates and family disputes prove the worthiness of the goal of achieving high employment.On the other hand, stability of a countrys supersede rate in the foreign exchange market (FOREX) is vital, as fluctuations of the exchange rate create adverse effects to the economy. There are mainly two cases which are prevalent in most economies. Firstly, an perceptivity of the exchange rate may cause exports to become relatively dearer, and lead to loss of competitiveness (comparative advantage) to a country. Secondly, a depreciation of the exchange rate brings about serious domestic inflation, encourages exodus of capital and thus puts the country under stress of lack of investment and unemployment.On the external aspect, the government aims to achieve offset in the balance of payment, especially the current account. A deficit in the current account drains the savings and reserve of a country significantly, leading to a chain effect of higher national debt and send to future generations.In view of the above objectives, the government is needed to regulate and rectify situations. Therefore, the conclusion can be arrived that government intervention is fundamental to every economies in the world.

Performance appraisal Essay Example for Free

Performance judgement EssayPerformance approximation has been unrivalled of the most-debated focal point practices for several decades. It has generated a wide variety of viewpoints. There are those who see military operation estimate as making an important contribution to tender resource precaution, in that presidential terms require dustatic information on how well employees are perform in their line of cares as a key element in ensuring that humans resources are used as strongly as possible. Employees at all levels experience a learn to know clearly what they should be doing and what is take overed of them in terms of quantity and quality of output. In profit most people want to be in a position where they sewernister perform break down next time around.A number of writers, especially during the 1970s, expressed pessimistic views round the in store(predicate) of doing judgment arrangements, and the assumptions on which they are based. Some have tend ed to write off unoriginal versions of achievement judgement as backward, simplistic and even counterproductive, arguing that conventional appraisal processes often lead both the conductor and employee to approach the carrying into action review with dysfunctional role stereotypes. The employee expects to hear what is wrong with his or her performance, while the till expects to have to well the evaluation to a reluctant and possibly hostile member of staff. (Gordon Anderson 1996)In this field of study study, it present the issues that caused Xerox Comp whatsoever emerged as a result of their research. In a word, it is all around change. It is talking about the linked issues of visibility and growth, and the compelling need for a process or mold to deal with the problems of increasing effectiveness in the midst of all the change. I contend changing attitudes and HRD semipolitical relevance, and present evidence of concern for HRD effectiveness.In Xerox appraisal saucy sys tem they use Mulit-appraisal which is 360-degree Appraisal. The limitations of conventional performance appraisal in placing considerable, and sometimes total, emphasis on the judgment of the employees manager have been identify and discussed by a number ofwriters. A pi wholenessering study carried out a number of years ago in Gulf Oil, and described by Stinson and Stokes (1980), highlights an alternative, multi-rater method, which overcomes a number of the deficiencies of conventional, manager-orientated appraisal. Probably the most significant instruction likely to influence the nature of performance appraisal in the future is the shift away from conventional appraisals under mystifyn typically by stage business managers towards the concept of 360-degree appraisal. The concept builds on multi-appraisal and refers to a situation where appraisal selective information is collected all around an employee, from his or her manager, subordinates, peers and customers, internal and ext ernal.A number of factors are encouraging government activitys to introduce, or to seriously consider the introduction of, 360-degree appraisal. These includeFlatter, less hierarchical, more flexible, team-based administration structuresAwareness of the limited opinion of managersRecognition of the value of contributions from other sourcesThe advantage of a range of perspectives, given the increasingly complex roles some(prenominal) people play in organization.In research identified the need for building and maintaining close relationships with line and staff management as essential for a successful HRD organization. It is really depend on the organization and communication processes. A wide range of methods and criteria for appraising performance is used by organizations. The various shipway of measuring performance stem directly form the different components of performance. We can see in the new system of Xerox, they are Simple ranking, using this system the appraiser is call ed upon to make a judgment about the general level of the performance of each employee. Based on the appraiser ranks each employee from crush to worst. switch ranking, this process involves a number of stages. While this approach may have some advantages in find the ratings, itsuffers from the same defects as the simple ranking approach. The HRD Function In effective HRD functions, staff festering is make in to the annual operating plan as a requirement. It is not only supported by management, but also seen as essential to the continued effective operation of the HRD function, and adequate funding supports it. other one is Feedback, It tells employees, How am I doing? and Where do I go from here? How would you like to be a member of a bowling team and go bowling every week, but only thwart your scores once a year? Coaching is the day-to-day effort to review work, answer questions, discuss progress (or lack of it) toward meeting standards, develop skills, and provide positive gu idance. Is the supervisor the only person who can provide coaching to an employee? Coworkers, other supervisors, and even customers can often be in a favourable position to compare the employees performance to established standards and then give helpful feedback.As the articles shown that the core of any organization is its staff. Without workers, who is going to do the job? How come the goal is going to achieve? How effectively an organization maintains a quality team of employees is linked to its ability to manage its staff and recognize the contributions of each player. trenchant performance management systems enable an organization to objectively and systematically rate employee performance, while providing the tools necessary to take that performance level and equate it to requital actions. Employees have always expressed the desire for open feedback regarding their performance. to a greater extent and more companies are embracing the pay for performance concept and its tie to compensation. A well-executive performance management plan enables an organization to achieve critical goalsRecognize the efforts and contributions of current staffReward staff with compensation directly linked to performanceMotivate staff to improve performanceOrient staff towards goal achievementRetain key employees through the use of competitive compensation programsAttract quality employees with an effective performance management systemA necessary condition for the effective management of performance appraisal systems in any organization is the need to clarify and communicate to all concerned the objectives which the system is think to achieve. Typically, performance appraisal schemes are expected to serve multiple objectives. This can often be carriage in that several purposes can be achieved, but I can also prove to be a disadvantage if it leads to a dissipation of effort and lack of focus. It is obviously of crucial importance, and everyone in an organization especiall y the key decision makers should be fully aware precisely what objectives the system of performance appraisal is expected to achieve, and the priorities within these objects.Performance appraisal should lead to the identification of the prepare and development needs of employees. Indeed, it can be indicated that without an appraisal scheme, it would be only accidental if training and development efforts were aimed in the right elbow room (Anderson 1980). Performance appraisal, by providing feedback to employees on job performance, creates a basis for improvement and development.The developmental function of appraisal is concerned with improving the performance of people by identifying areas for improvement, prospect performance targets for the future, and agreeing plans for follow up action. This outlook also involves developing the capacity of people through formulation plans to develop their skills and careers, and helping individuals to reconcile their job and career aspirat ions with opportunities available in the organization.Furthermore, there is certain amount of overlap between the evaluative and development functions, in that the evaluation of past performance will often be an important influence upon the setting of future targets. Brinkerhoffand Kanter (1980) contend that this function is both backward looking in the sense of evaluating past performance so as to establish standards and forward looking in that the established standards serve as incentives for future performance improvement through generating peer competition and the desire to best ones won past record.The argue set ahead that an additional overlapping, but also overarching, purpose for performance appraisal is to ensure that managers are performing a critical management function. Managers should be paying careful attention to the assessment of the past performance of their staff against organizational requirements, and to the development of greater productivity of the human resou rces available. This function of performance of performance appraisal of encouraging careful and systematic approaches in assessing the performance of employees is of great importance for practicing managers, and they often recognize its value.The possible contrast between the evaluative and developmental dimensions has been much discussed in the appraisal literature. The central issue appears to be can the manager, acting as appraiser, effectively be both judge and helper without experiencing role infringe? Since future decisions must be based, at least in part, on evaluations of previous behavior, it could be argued that this conflict is superficial rather than real, and that an effective manager should be about to cope effectively with both roles.When we looked further at the issue of growth. The Conference Board, in a study of trends in corporate education and training, constitute that the number of training professionals had increased in nearly two-thirds of the firms survey ed. The board cited the following as evidence of the intensify role and status of HRD in many companies focal point has become convinced that education drives the business.A stepchild until recently, the training function is now seen as essential to the companys strategic goals.Developing our people is now the heart of our business strategy.Training departments used to be wiped out by recessions, but few were in the recent one (Lusterman, 1985, p.2).Affecting the growth of HRD is the increase in the overall number of jobs and the shifts from sectors such as manufacturing to service organizations. freshly created jobs require new skills training and workers being displaced need retraining. In addition, more workers are coming to expect training as part of the normal job environment, and will demand it if they dont see it. This is especially truthful in high technology, where employees want to stay on the leading edge-they cant afford not to.The banish factors arePossible distorti on due to popularity factors influencing peersPossible nix reactions towards those who irrespective of this performance, are seen as unorthodox, abandoned to challenge existing practices, and therefore perceived as threateningFriendship ratingDistortions due to idolize of retaliationReliance of peers on stereotypes in making evaluation.Despite the risks evident from the number of possible negative factors, peer review may well have an increasing role to play in performance appraisal systems of the future, especially in non-hierarchical, team-based organizational structures in which peers are willing to give objective evaluations of one anothers performance, and where peers interact sufficiently frequently to be able to develop an informed view of the performance of colleagues. closing curtainAppraisal of employees tasks place whether a formal appraisal system is in operation or not. In small companies, formal systems are probably unnecessary in larger companies, a formal system g oes some way towards ensuring that decisions based upon judgments of employee performance are fair and just. However, the mere installation of an appraisal scheme does not ensure that appraisals are well founded. There are a large number of human tendencies towards error that must be recognized by those conducting appraisal. This recognition and ways to overcome the problems are best achieved through training.The appraisal of performance is useless unless the results of the appraisal are translated into action. This is the purpose of the appraisal interview. It is a implement for feedback of information to employees, and an opportunity for employees and their superiors to sit down and plan remedial action. Appraisal interviews involving problem solving, counseling and enounce objective setting are essential components of a successful appraisal scheme.REFERENCEFrench,W. kind Resources Management 4th Edition, Houghton Miffin co, Boston, 1998.Graham, H.T, Human Resources Management, recruitment and selection, Britain ,1983.Leslie W. Rue, Ph.D., Lioyd L. Byors, Ph.D, Management skills and Application recruitment and selection, Australia,1997.Pearson, R., The Human Resources , Managing people and work, Australia, 1990.Kramar, R, Mcgraw, P Schuler, R. S., Human Resources Management in Australia. Longman. South Melbourne, 1997.Parry, K. W., Smith, D., Human Resources Management. USQ Press. Queensland, 1998.Dessler, Griffiths, Lloyd- Walker, Williams, Human Resources Management, Prentice Hall, Australia, 1999.

Tma Essay Example for Free

Tma movePeople, beingness naturally inquisitive, have often been referred to as scientists. Even as young children, citizenry argon constantly testing and evaluating the boundaries to decipher their own social environment and quickly recognise what is acceptable and what is non. This shortly evolves into hunch and whether it is constructed in a system of luculent and rational way depends on a number factors. However, when considering cognitive psychology and the tuition processing that underpins judgements and risks, wads cognitive processes atomic number 18 often likened to computers in the way that these processes interact. This essay begins by looking at Fritz Heider (1944, as cited in Buchanan et al. , p. 60) an influential psychologist in this area who coined the phrase green psychology. It hence progresses onto the advantages and disadvantages of the attrisolelyion theories development Kelleys covariation method and MacArthurs vignettes to test the theory. This is followed by looking into pollyannaish bias and whether this bias chiffonier prevent pot from constructing rational and logical theories when making sense of their social environment.Finally, the essay evaluates the HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome and smoking progression and how population gage conceptualise risk, resulting in laying blame elsewhere differentwise than in their social group. Heider was champion of the first psychologists to study in detail social cognition. He believed that delving into how tidy sum made sense of their social environments was fundamental in deducting social behaviours, he believed people actively built models of ca engage and effect to find predictability and regularity which would help look into their lives, run like naive psychologists.Heider also believed people utilize this method when people perceive others and their actions. He constructed a study using animated cartoons of moving shapes consisting of a circle, a box and a rectangle. When asked to describe what they saw, all but one of the participants described the shapes movement in terms of human action. The fact that these people were perceiving these shapes automatically to be people goes some way to provide support for Heiders theory and prove that people are certainly essay to shake sense of their social environment.However this, albeit simple use of experimental social psychology, has a hardly a(prenominal) limitations. As this was a simplified experiment and disimilar to what would happen in a real social environment, Heider was not able to prove that the results would be the same extracurricular in real life. In fact, often results obtained outside of the laboratory conclude opposite results to that of the laboratory. There is also a possibility that the participants, upon hearing that they would be attending a psychological experiment, subconciously associated psychology with people or themselves and their answers reflected this.In an experimental condition there depart always be confounding variables no matter what measures are taken to eliminate them, it is certainly baffling to take research on perception and attention out of everyday life and into a controlled experiment. In a social environment because people are not manufacturing social situations, people see them as they are, this could put them in good stead to construct rational and logical theories on their environment. What Heiders theory lacks is particular proposition procedures and data. Harold Kelley (1967, as cited in Buchanan et al. , p. 2) who developed the covariation model, used testable predictions and data in his attribution theory. The attribution theories give notice people distinguish between external/disposition factors and internal/disposition factors to recognise the causes of social behaviour. Kelley proposed that when people use information in causal reasoning, three variables are decided upon, distinctiveness, consensus and co nsistency, this was known as the covariation model. He support the belief that people behave like intuitive scientists. MacArthur (1972, as cited in Buchanan et al. , p. 4) tested this theory in her studies, she wanted to test the effect of different types and level of information on the nature of causal attributions. She used 16 vignettes, a short description of a behaviour event that contained different types of the three variables, CCD. They and so assigned an internal or external cause to the event. The results were supportive of MacArthurs theory and imply that we tend to favor internal kinda than external attributions, the FAE (fundamental attribution error). However, it has been proven that people do not use always use all the information available to them.This shows that the way people view risk is not particularly logical, people overlook risk and when comparing people to experts, people do not unremarkably conceptualise risks as well as experts Vignettes are easy to us e and provide much unavoidable data and from a large number of participants which is likely to produce much accurate results. The kind of control applied in this study would not have been able to take place if it took place in real life. However they do have low ecological validity because of this very reason, it is withal constructed.ascription theories have also been criticised for overstating the rationality of peoples causal reasoning. When considering the idea of people as intuitive scientists it is important to understand that people can tend to be more upbeat about risk than statistics warrant. This results in optimistic bias. For example, irrespective of empirical evidence, some people think smoking wont harm them. Some people know that they are likely to deform ill from it and still continue because the immediate gain overcomes each alternative, albeit potentially deadly.This may be as a result of a motivational source which can result in judgemental biases. There are several explanations for this optimistic bias. The availability heuristic, which involves making decisions based on generating examples in peoples cognitive system, perhaps someone they know who has smoked constantly for 60 years has other any side effects. These are good examples to use when deciphering whether people are intuitive scientists and can defecate rational and logical judgements because the risk of smoking can be estimated using mathematics.The amount of people that still smoke however is a strong argument that people may be intuitive scientists but the concept of making rational, logical decisions can still be lost if alternative factors get in the way, like smoking or HIV. When people have to make decisions quickly, they often unconsciously rely on incomplete information as a result of the environment in which the social cognition takes place, rather than just the basic cognitive processes, this could account for people rejecting the possibility of HIV leading to de ath, perhaps because the information they have in incomplete.The fact that people have survived despite this however goes some way to suggest that although peoples cognitive processes do not always lead them to the mathematically correct answer, perhaps that element of risk, optimistic bias and inquisitiveness has prolonged peoples evolution so far.The studies involving optimistic bias and indeed some(prenominal) studies involving how people conceptualise risk however, have been conducted in largely Western cultures and having found previous contradictions between studies in Western cultures, (which tend to focus largely on the individual rather than the social group, as is more popular in many Asian cultures), these theories may not apply to the majority of people and so more research entailing diverse cultures would build a more successful conclusion as to why optimistic bias communicates.One reason could be evolution, natural selection could have resulted in universe having e volved with optimistic bias meaning that the people who took the risks were more sexually successful. Another reason for this could that in the destiny of everyday life, people do not use all the information available. One could argue that as we do not process everything we see, we connect the dots based on our rational judgement. The people in many of these experiments drew from their own conclusions and upon their own schema which could be wrong.This kind of error highlights one of the disadvantages of people draught from their own logical and rational theories. Although it is important to note that the above examples are experiments and the situations are unlikely to occur in everyday life, however research has also shown our schema is highly tuned and usually correct. Both cognitive psychology and experimental social psychology initiate ideas of people thinking in machine ways, operating like scientists but the studies have shown otherwise. Perhaps logical and rational ideas a re ideologies and are not get in the context of our own social environments.People, in general tend to perceive events as being more under their own control than they perhaps are, it is clear from these studies that people can sometimes become more optimistic when is comes to risks when comparing the true scientific statistics. From the research into varying theories it appears that the majority of people are intuitive scientists, that to a certain extent people do use logical and rational theories to make sense of their social environment, however these are not always successful. As the evidence of several theories suggests, intuition in people is not always correct.Mistakes are bound to be made, especially when motivation factors overcomes logic and experience and imagination interferes with the process. If people have survived thus far using their own rational and logical judgements than anything further may be seen as striving for improvement, where one could argue, it is unnec essary. Word count 1,503 References K. Buchanan, P. Anand, H. Joffe K. Thomas (2007) Perceiving and sagacity the social world. In D. Miell, A. Phoenix, K. Thomas (Eds. ), Mapping Psychology (2nd ed. , pp. 5-49). Milton Keynes The Open University

The First Essay Example for Free

The First EssayIn the first break open of this lab, E. coli cells were transformed with an R-plasmid carrying a tetracycline resistant gene, giving rise to tetracycline resistant E. coli line of descent. This was accomplished through transformation, which allowed E. coli to directly uptake the naked deoxyribonucleic acid molecule carrying the antibiotic resistant gene (1). However, in revision to take up the DNA and incorporate them into their genome via recombination, cells must be skilled (1). Therefore, E. coli cells which are not fitting under normal conditions were treated with cold and high concentration of CaCl2, in order to make them artificially effective (1). The transformants were uprisen on the LB with the tetracycline antibiotic, and on the LB without the tetracycline. Then the viable competent cells and the viable cells were counted to calculate the frequency of transformation. In the second part of the lab, lateral gene transfer by generalized transduct ion was done on E. coli cells. In the process of transduction, the transfer of genes is facilitated by bacteriophage, which is a virus that infects a bacterial host (1).Generalized transduction involves lytic infections that kill the bacterial cells, and during the process, bacterial DNA is packaged into a advanced phage head which in turn injects the DNA into another bacterium (1). In this lab, P1vir phage was use and grown on the donor strain by making a phage lysate. P1vir phage kills bacterial cells by lytic infections, which is required in the generalized transduction (1). On the other hand, the wild-type p1 is a lysogenic phage and and then could not be use for the generalized transduction (1). In order to prevent excessive killing of the receiver E. oli strain, the P1vir lysate was tittered by serial dilutions. This would also prevent infection and lysis of the transducing particle. In generalized transduction, trp-pyrF region of CSH61 chromosome, which was the P1vir lysat e, was laterally transferred to the recipient role CSH54 strain. The genotypes of transductants were tested by patching them onto a Petrie plate lacking tryptophan and uracil, which will allow ingathering of trp+, pyrF+, and not the trp+,pyrF- transductants. Trp gene encodes for trypsin, while the pyrF gene encodes for pyramidines, such as uracil.Thi, his, and pro genes encode for thiamine, histidine, and proline respeictively (1). Finally, the frequency of transductant was used to obtain the distance between the trp and pyrF gene. Discussion In the transformation experiment, E. coli cells were transformed with Plasmid DNA containing the tetracycline resistant gene, and were tested for competency by growing them in LB in presence of tetracycline antibiotic. Tetracycline is a broad spectrum antibiotic that works by inhibiting translation, thus inhibiting protein synthesis.It attaches to the 30S subunit of ribosome and prevents the charged aminoacyl-tRNA from bandaging (3). As show n on Table 1, Tube 3 and Tube 2 did not have every growth of E. coli cells. Tube 2 contained E. coli cells only, and when cultured on the LB plate in presence of tetracycline antibiotic, the growth was inhibited by the antibiotic. Because the E. coli cells in tube 2 lacked the tetracycline resistant gene contained in the plasmid DNA, it was unable to grow in the presence of tetracycline antibiotic. Tube 3, lacked the E. coli cells and so, there were no cells to grow in the LB plate with or without the tetracycline.Tube 3 instead was used as a control, to test for contamination in the plasmid DNA and the calcium chloride. In tube 1, which contained the E. coli cells and the plasmid DNA containing the tetracycline resistant gene, transformation occurred. As a result, E. coli cells have acquired the tetracycline resistant gene, being able to grow on the LB plate in the presence of the tetracycline antibiotic. Therefore the viable competent cells were counted from tube 1 contents in 102 diluted LB (with antibiotic), which had cells between 30 and 300 colonies.On the other hand, the total viable cells were counted from tube 1 in 106 diluted plate that was grown on LB without the antibiotic. As shown on table. 2, the viable competent cells were calculated to be 24350 cells/100ul and the total viable cells were nominate to be 370,500,000 cells/100ul. Finally, the transformation frequency, which is the ratio of transformants per viable cell, was calculated and was found to be 6. 49 x 10-05 as shown on table 2. In the generalized transduction experiment, trp gene from the donor strain of CSH61 (P1vir lysate) was laterally transferred to the recipient strain, CSH54.CSH61 strain are trp+, pyrF+ and the CSH54 strain are trp-, pyrF-, and because trp and pyrF are linked together on the same chromosomal fragment, they are cotransduced (1). The transductants were identified by selecting for the trp+ marker by growing in absence of tryptophan, however the pyrF marker whitetho rn be present or absent, depending on the crossover event during recombination. This was identified by patching the transductants onto a Petrie plate lacking tryptophan and uracil. The trp+, pyrF+ transductants will be able to synthesize both tryptophan and uracil, and therefrom will grow in this minimal medium (1).However, trp+, pyrF- transductants fecal matternot grow in the medium, because they wont be able to synthesize uracil (1). As shown on table 3, 57. 5% of transductants were trp+, pyrF+ while 42. 5% were trp+, pyrF-. This agent trp is cotransduced with pyrF at 57. 5% frequency, which indicates that they are very constrictively linked. Markers which are separated by less than 0. 5 minutes are cotransduced at 35-95%, and so, trp which cotransduced with pyrF at 57. 5%, is very closely linked (1). This closely matches the real cotransduction frequency of 55% between trp and pyrF in E. oli (2). According to the Wu formula, the cotransduction frequency of 57. 5% yielded dis tance of 0. 084 minutes, which was very close to the distance of 0. 09 minutes at cotransduction frequency of 55% found in literature (2). Bacterial genes can also be analyzed by a method known as Southern blotting (4). In this method, DNA is treated with restriction enzymes, which cuts the DNA into fragments of different size. Then the fragments are run on an agarose change by electrophoresis, which separates the fragments by size.

Harlem Renaissance Essay Example for Free

Harlem reincarnation EssayThe Harlem renascence was a significant counterbalancet in the history of the United States of America. The Harlem Renaissance focus on on the nicety of blacks and took place at the end of the American Civil War in 1865. This age gave rise to music, art, and literature in African-American culture.Winning the Civil War meant that African American were this instant free and could, at their risk, go anywhere they wanted. This is when the Great Migration all started. The Great Migration was when large groups of blacks moved in Northern cities like Chicago and New York in massive numbers for jobs because the South had been victim to a crop infestation. Many of them moved particularly to a large neighborhood located in the northern section of Manhattan called Harlem, also known as the capital of black America. By this time, chances for employ handst and instruction were available for African-Americans, and many of them expected the same treatment and life the white Americans had be given.This was not to be the case when Plessy v. Ferguson case went to the Supreme Court and the decision had been held that racial segregation was constitutionally acceptable. African-Americans were heartsick they wanted equality and all they had been given nothing close to the life of the white Americans, not even a secure environment to live. Though they did have some rights, such as, all African-American men could vote, African-Americans, all, could receive better education, and they got better jobs, but that still seemed to be not enough. African-Americans wanted to part shipway with their clingy stereotypes and define themselves as something better. They wanted to be something more than scantily a negro. The African-Americans didnt want to be like their white suppressors, but wanted to create a new meaning to what it meant to be black.outset in the early 1900s the African-American middle class started a push towards racial equality. W.E.B. Du Bois was the central drawing card of the movement. He collaborated with other African-American activists and white civil rights creamers in New York to review the difficult challenges go about the African-American population. 1909 the NAACP, or National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, was found by the group on the job(p) with Du Bois. This group was specifically organized to advocate civil liberties and fight for African-American rights.Although this cause was public opinion to be supported by all African-Americans it was not the case with Jamaica-bred Marcus Garvey. Garvey started the Back to Africa movement, which initially was him saying that he thought all African-Americans should just pack up and leave the states because they werent welcomed. Garvey founded the UNIA-ACL, or Universal lightlessness expediency Association and African Communities League, which promoted the Back to Africa slogan. Garvey said it was to encourage African-Americans to come to gether and feel pride in their roots. These groups, although not all supporting staying and fighting, helped the African-American population develop a sense of empowerment for African-Americans everywhere.The comp allowe Age was an explosion of African-American culture into music. Just at the end of WWI, there was an economy kick upstairs and a change in society. During this time Americans started to relax and take up hobbies. The Prohibition had just been ratified, although it didnt ban alcohol it made it extremely difficult to get, legally. That is when alcohol clubs, called speakeasies were created. Speakeasies gave Americans the chance to socialize with other, engage in drinking, and go against traditional culture. Some might have even called them Modernist.There was a certain speakeasy in Harlem called the Cotton Club. Its them as the look of a plantation in the South. They only allowed African-American musicians to course there and only allowed white Americans, with some e xceptions, wine and dine there. One talented jazz musician would be Duke Ellington. Ellington was a wiz at playing the piano he actually played at the Cotton Club from for four years. His band stomped to theatricality routines in numerous shows.Forms of art gave some African-Americans a break from reality. Artists painted things from African-American nightclubs, to African-American toiling in the fields. Aaron Douglas was a famous artist whose work exercised the New Negro idea. The New Negro idea correlated with Dubois idea of twoness idea, which meant the finding of ones individuality with a divided awareness of ones identity. Douglas painted murals, building, and created illustrations for many African-American books. In 1940 Douglas moved to Nashville and founded the Art Department at Fisk University and taught for twenty nine years there. Douglas said, Our problem is to conceive, develop, free-base an art era. Not white art painting blacklets bare our arms and plunge them deep finished laughter, through pain, through sorrow, through hope, through disap confidential informationment, into the very depths of the souls of our people and drag forth material crude, rough, neglected. then lets sing it, dance it, write it, paint it. Lets do the impossible.Lets create something transcendentally material, mystically objective. Earthy. Spiritually earthy. Dynamic, which means, lets make something incredible out of tragedy. Writing also became a major step in the lead in the Harlem Renaissance, especially since during this time most African-Americans were illiterate. African-American writers talked about the past of black culture. They wrote about slaveholding and the effects it had on society today, etc. Common themes of these books ranged from alienation, to wanting to be individual. The most famous African-American writers include Langston Hughes, Sterling Brown, and Zora Neale Hurston, just to name a few. Zora Neale was a novelist, folklorist, and anthropologis t. She believed in the motto, I want a busy life, a just mind, and a timely end.Zora wrote to preserve African-American traditions and to contribute to new literature. Langston Hughes was a writer who collaborated with Hurston and other artists in his book of poetry entitled The Weary Blues. Hughes also wrote an essay called The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain, where he told people what he saw as mountains facing African-American writers. In his essay, Hughes mentions a young poet he spoke to and says how the poet wanted to be known as a poet, sort of than a Negro poet, which is clearly understandable since there was still racial tension during this time.In conclusion, the Harlem Renaissance was a major event in the history in the United States of America because it brought a culture together using simple things, like music, art, and literature. If it had not been for the Harlem Renaissance, who knows what mightve happened to the African-American culture, where it mightve been at this point in time without the occurrence of the Harlem Renaissance. It brought together a race that has, over the years, been beaten, cursed at, talked about, and slaughtered for the comfort of others, and just a simple melody of a song was able to bring them closer together aft(prenominal) being ripped apart.

Herbert Mullin Criminal Profile Essay Example for Free

Herbert Mullin Criminal Profile EssayMullin Herbert Mullin was born in Salina California which happens to be the day of remembrance of the 1906 San Francisco temblor as well as Einsteins death. He was the youngest between him and his sibling, Patricia. He was raised by both parents Jean and Bill Mullin. He didnt receive any problems in school he was popular and physically attractive. He had a good childhood but through his life broom he made a lot of wrong decisions that includes drug abuse which aggravated schizophrenia. In proud school he had a lot of friends and was quite popular. He played football and had a squiffy relationship and was voted most likely to succeed.At the age of eighteen he attended Cabrillo College to study design. In the summer of 1967 he graduated with a two year degree in road engineering and enrolled at San Jose State College change his major to philosophy and took on the hippie lifestyle. At the age of cardinal In June 1965 people began to think that his sanity was deteriorating due to the fact that he built a shrine in his bedroom to Dean, his friend that was knock offed in a car accident the summer after graduation. At the age of nineteen he first experienced LSD which lead him to experimenting more with marijuana and LSD.At the age of twenty one he was arrested for possession of marijuana. At the age of 21 at a family dinner he started showing signs of schizophrenia which was aggravated by drug abuse. At the age of twenty two Herbert Mullin began treatment as a resident of the community drug abuse prevention concentrate in Santa Cruz. Later that year Herbert Mullin was committed to the psychiatric ward of San Luis Obispo County General Hospital because with is mental distemper he was a danger to others, himself and gravely disabled. A month later he was diagnosed as a paranoid schizophrenic.He was not one that cared to take his medication. In the summer of 1970 he was diagnosed as a schizo-affective schizophrenia. In 1970 he began blaming his parents for his illness and in result took them out of his will. Herbert killed people believing that if he started to kill people it will lessen the chances of another hurricane happening in his area. He did this by only kill random Caucasians from the age of 4 to 72. He bought his materials to the crime scene such as a gun, knife, and baseball game bat. He was a psychotic visionary. Mullin had no developmental problems according to Erikson.He went through all the stages where he experience love and finding out what personality he wants to embrace. This is the point and time when he realizes that he is a bisexual. The motivation behind it seems to be the fact that he was born the day that Albert Einstein died and the anniversary of San Francisco Earthquake. Freud would have said that he is anticathexis because he gives off the sense that his ego is blocking the socially out of the question needs of id. Mullin for example when he found out that his ta rget moved he went after him and killed him as planned.Afterwards he couldnt resist the urge to go back and kill the messenger who could have been a witness in the killing incident that happened before her and her family. Bibliography * Watts, Vernetta. Californian Guilty in 10 Murder Cases. (1973, August 20). New York Times, P. 10. Mullin, Herbert. N. P. , n. d. Web. 09 May 2013. * Santa Cruz successive Killer, Herbert Mullin, Denied Parole Central Coast News KION/KCBA. Santa Cruz Serial Killer, Herbert Mullin, Denied Parole Central Coast News KION/KCBA. 13 May 2013 * FreudianTheory. About. com Psychology. N. P. , n. d. Web. 16 May 2013.

The Worth and Purpose of Humankind Defined Essay Example for Free

The expenditure and Purpose of Humankind Defined EssayWhat is Imago Dei? Imago Dei is our worth and our purpose be. What does it mean that tenderkind is created in the learn of beau ideal? In what different ways wee theologians defined this term, and what should we regard it to mean today? What rest does it make for those who explore to the authority of Gods word, and what implications does this leave us with both now and for timeless existence? When facial expressioning for the definition of Imago Dei, one can look several places. First, one can look to the interpretations of biblical scholars who maintain commit their time to studying scripture. Second, one can look for themselves all through the script for the definitions and contexts provided. Third, one can look to what the world believes or doesnt believe round Imago Dei, as is unpatterned in both the injustices and humanitarian efforts of our time. Lastly, one can look at their own life- at what they have experienced and how they have lived their lives and discoer what they believe or dont believe about creation created in the flesh of God.Thus said, I shall begin by answering the question, How have Bible assimilators defined Imago Dei? Most scholars agree with a basic outline of Imago Dei as is found in scripture, but there be several different ways of appreciation its context. Theologian Wayne Gruden defines the image of God as The constitution of man that he is like God and represents God (Gruden 1244). In Creeds of delivery boyendom, Biblical scholar Phillip Schaff (1819-1893) explains that being make in the image of God means that God intended for us to pick out him intimately and to be in a reconci take relationship with him. Man was originally formed after the image of God. Hisunderstanding was adorned with a true and saving knowledge of hisCreator, and of spiritual things his heart and will were upright, allhis affections pure, and the building block Man was holy ( Schaff 521). Schaff also notes the importance of knowing Gods design and original think for us before the fall of man.God intended for us to be just like Him- holy, pure, and stainless in his sight (Schaff 521). Scholars of The Evangelical Dictionary of Theology have defined the image of God asa fundamental biblical doctrine, an image that is sullied by sin and that is restored by divine salvation (Elwell 545). Scholar Millard J. Erickson believes that it is critical to understand who God is and who we are to Him. He says, The implications of the image of God should inspire us and company the parameters for our great deal of all humanity (Erickson 170). Erickson believes that the image of God goes beyond the substantive, relational, and functional gather ins and that one must define conclusions from all of scripture. I agree with Erickson that one finds a concise definition of Imago Dei in Gods word. So indeed, what does scripture say about Imago Dei?After much study of the B ible, Scholar Millard Erickson has outlined the places in scripture where Imago Dei has been best defined and explained. The first is in Genesis 126-27 Then God said, allow us make man in our own image, after our likeness, and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the birds of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that move upon the earth. So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him mannish and female he created them. This is recapitulated in Genesis 51 When God created man, he made him in the likeness of God. Then in Genesis 96, we learn Whoever sheds the blood of man, by man shall his blod be shed for God made man in his own image. Here we see that being created in the image of God implies that we have great worth and our lives are valuable to God. From this verse, we also see that abominable human beings continue to bear Gods image. In the New Testament, the learn about the image of God as we learn about Jesus. In James 39, we learn that God hates when we slackness to respect and award each opposite, as those who bear Gods image. With the tongue we bless the passe-partout and Father, and with it we curse men, who are made in the likeness of God.Much of the New Testament also explains that we are conformed to a greater extent and more into Gods image- we blend more like Him through the process of salvation. 2 Corinthians 318 says, And we all, with unveiled face, beholding the glory of the Lord, are being changed into his likeness from one pointedness of glory to another, for this comes from the Lord, who is the Spirit. Erickson explains that from searching scripture, Bible scholars and church leaders have come to accept one or more of three views on the Image of God- the substantive view, the relational view, or thefunctional view. The substantive view states that humankind has many of the same qualities and characteristics as God. These include the physic al, psychological and spiritual likeness of God. The relational view states that we understand what it means to be made in the image of God through knowing him in a personal relationship (Erickson 122). We also get out understand who God is and who we are through human relationships, such as the fill in relationship between a husband and wife (Erickson 123).Even more so, we understand the image of God through knowing the person of Jesus- For Jesus is the very likeness of God, and we become more like God through knowing Christ. The functional view holds that we understand who God is and who we are through what we do. In our dominion over creation and in our being commissioned by Christ to make disciples, we do our best to learn about all that God has given us and to honor God with our lives. We learn about God by following Christs example and by sustainment a life worthy of our calling (Eph. 41). This is the basis of what scripture tells us about what it means to be made in the im age of God. Does everyone have a basic understanding of Imago Dei, then? What does what is going on in the world today, and the way that most tribe treat each other reveal about what people believe about this subject?Let us look at both the good and bad social realities of our culture, and ask ourselves, What does life look like for those who seek to understand and accept what God says about Imago Dei compared to what life looks like for those who do not know God? The advert of atrocities and injustices through time is endless. One does not have to look far to see the evil that has resulted from people rejecting God and oppressing one another. Slavery, war, greed, and oppression- an ocean of these disasters has swept through time, making every child ask why? and how could this be? Today, still, there are injustices to the human race that are hard to understand. In fact, people look everywhere for answers- to the media, to scholars, to historians, and to their leaders, but their se arch is in vain.Their hearts are left burning and throbbing. What then has led to the bullying of children, the gossip, and most frightening, the genocides that never cease to degrade the human race and leave us asking, wherefore? It is this Man has rejected God and does not know who he is, and in turn, they do not know whotheir Creator has intended them to be. The more I see of the world, the more I know I have been spared. In knowing who God is and who he says I am, I have been set free. I am free to forgive, free to love, free to honor, and free to value each person that God has made in his own image.Knowing that every person on earth has infinite worth in Gods sight, so much that he came to earth to die a criminals closing on a cross for their sins, that they might trust Him and be accommodate to the Him who loves them and treasures them more than they could ever imagine- this changes everything. I have seen the difference that believing the truth about God and about me not on ly in my own life, but also in the lives all around me. That others know we are Christians by our love is true in not all, but many communities of believers. When I see love that doesnt look for any in return I know that there is an understanding of Imago Dei. For the sake of the Nations and for the sake of the church, my prayer is that Imago Dei will continue to be mum and lived out, that all might know God and be reconciled to him.What is Imago Dei? Imago Dei is where humankind finds all of their worth. It is what drives our convictions and frees us to love, forgive, and value each other. Theologians explain that the image of God is often understood through the substantive view- that we are like God in having the same physical, mental and spiritual qualities and abilities that he has, the relational view- that we understand who God is and who we are through a relationship with Him and through our relationships with others, and the functional view- that we better understand what it means to be made in the image of God through our experiences and actions, in living our lives for Christ. What difference does it make to know who God is and who he says we are? All of the difference in the world- literally. work CitedElwell, Walter A. Evangelical Dictionary of Theology. Grand Rapids, Mich Baker Book House, 1984. Print. Grudem, Wayne A. Systematic Theology An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine. Leicester, England Inter-Varsity Press, 1994. Print. Erickson, Millard J, and L A. Hustad. Introducing Christian Doctrine. Grand Rapids, Mich Baker Academic, 2001. Print. Schaff, Philip. Bibliotheca Symbolica Ecclesiae Universalis The Creeds of Christendom.Grand Rapids Baker, 1966. Print.

Of Mice and Men - John Steinbeck Essay Example for Free

Of Mice and Men John Steinbeck EssayIn Chapter 4 of Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck portrays Crooks, Lennie, Candy, and Curleys wife as outcasts who although ar lonely and look each others companionship, ostracize each other as yet. Each of said characters desire companionship, are outcasts, and as a result abase one another.Crooks, Candy, Curleys wife, and Lennie are lonely and therefore seek companionship. Crooks is a very lonely character, and may in item be the most diverse due to both his handicap and race. When he gets companion, he tries to conceal his pleasure with anger he does not obtain others into his abode because they discriminate against him (his impediment is therefore seen as a spiteful retaliation), but at the equivalent time he is delighted to remove company. When Crooks sees Lennie standing at the doorway smiling at him, Crooks gives in and allows him to stay, telling him you can come if ya want. Lennie is also lonely, for he is drawn to Crooks sta ble when he sees the light on when he approached Crooks, he smiled helplessly in an attempt to make friends. Candy later comes in to the stable, as Crooks allows him to come in he is modest about Crookss welcome, saying of course if you want me to.Candy is a passive man virtually unable to take any independent action and his one major(ip) act in the book, offering Lennie and George money in order to go in on a piece of land together, is a means by which he can become dependent on them this is a result of his impeding loneliness. Lastly, Curleys wife enters the stable. Her presence is almost nomadic she wonders around the whole ranch, pursuit company and then parting. Generally considered to be a tramp by the men at the ranch, Curleys married woman is the only major character in Of Mice and Men whom Steinbeck does not give a name.She dislikes her husband and smells desperately lonely at the ranch, for she is the only woman and feels isolated from the other men, who openly scorn he r. She still holds nearly small hope of a better life, claiming that she had the chance to become a movie star in Hollywood, but otherwise is a bitter and scornful woman who shamelessly uses sex to intimidate the workers. When she enters the stable, she pretends as if she is looking for Curley, but she really just wants company. Each of the aforementioned characters seek each others companionship and company to keep from getting lonely.Crooks, Candy, Curleys wife, and Lennie are also scrutinized as outcasts in the society in which they live, due to their defects Crooks be a black cripple, Candy an old handicapped man, Curleys wife being female, and Lennie whom is afflicted with mental retardation. Their recluse stature is justified in the names in which they call themselves Crooks calls himself black and a busted cover nigger. Candy is called a busted sheep, Lennie a dum dum, and Curleys wife a tart. Furthermore, Steinbeck does not give Curleys wife a name this illustrates that women in the concurrent era were looked down upon. Crooks, Curleys wife, Candy, and Lennie are further exemplified as outcasts by the fact that Slim, George, and Whit left them behind. Crooks, Candy, Curleys wife, and Lennie are exiled from society and left to be alone.With the pain, loneliness, and fear which they feel, Crooks, Candy, Curleys wife, and Lennie degrade each other. They call each other names, and Curleys wife adds to these statements by saying they George, Slim, and Whit left the weak ones behind. Candy calls her a skreak and reminds her that they at least have friends. Candy and Crooks even indicate that they want her to leave, that they have had enough.Crooks, Lennie, Candy, and Curleys wife are portrayed as outcasts who although are lonely and seek each others companionship, they ostracize each other nevertheless because of the over bearing society in which they live. They demean and mortify one another to make themselves feel better to attain a private victory that the other is more of an outcast than the former. They would rather have bitter company as to no company.

Anti Oppressive Practice in Social Work Essay

Anti Oppressive Pr causeice in Social utilisation EssayI supply for demonstrate the role of the practitioner on Reflective Anti-oppressive workout. l will reflect upon the effect that my experiences had on me . In relation to withstanding c ar housing will mention the underlying values of being a reflective practitioner.In the essay, I will explore and batch upon a range of Models and possiblenesss themes as shown Thompson -PCS model Tuckman theory (1983)Banks (2001) explore oppression, discrimination and anti-oppressive practices are based on society that creates divisions and how people divide themselves. Conducting a session about sex education set targets to quantify the young people is to treat people with respect and value each other, avoid negative discrimination(quote). Dalrymple et al, (1995) defines the anti-oppressive practice is about a process of change, ich leads service users from feeling powerless to powerful (Dalrymple andBurke, 1995). Empowerment links with anti-oppressive practice, in that the social worker can work with service users enables them to overcome barriers to solving problems.Braye et al (1997) expose the challenges confront in practice, it is about positively working to myths and stereotypes speak out and act against the way professional practices and the lawfulness itself discriminate against certain groups of people (Braye andPreston-Shoot, 1997).Case study roofless big(predicate) young person little person 18 years old sharing at her friends home. She is 3 week pregnant her young buck has left her and both arguing all the time. There are no support from home as her mother on benefits and living off her.The organisation is run by supported housing is called Vincent de capital of Minnesota society SVP, which is an international charity Christian voluntary organisation. SVP aim to tackle poverty and disadvantages provides accommodation and support for clients through clashing with supporting people between 16-25 ye ars old(svp.org.uk, 2012).The types of vulnerable group who are homeless are served females only Clients with learning disabilities and mental-health problems accommodated. SVP is a community based valued which is supported by the local anesthetic authorities (svp.org.uk, 2012 ). Value based within the local community, especially in relation to the framework of stage business in supported housing these light upon the service provided for young people. values of choice is to respects the rights from where they go through as well as promote young people rights to make their own decisions choices.The aim of forming is to identify the boundaries on both interpersonal and task behaviours (Tuckman,1965). I have applied Tuckmans theory in the study because this has helped to identify leadership within a group stage development. The stages are the following , Forming, Storming, Norming and Performing. Tuckmans (1965) approach as a linear model was applying to the group.The standards and norms of behaviour are establishing. Forming identified to work with group service users together. that not everyone does not want to engageFrom storming to norming stages, working with client P is recoded by doing key sessions periodic Client P have to make the choice to conform with, she is awareness breach her contract . postulation open and closed questions are the key to build a good rapport with the service user.The PCS normal identifies the levels of oppressionPersonalCulturalStructuralThe PCS ModelPersonalBeliefs, attitudes and behaviourHow people regard or treat othersCulturalAccepted values and codes of conductConsensusStructureStructural and institutions within society which act to perpetuate social divisions, prejudice and discriminationPersonal (P) levelIndividual actions that I come into contact with, for example service user.Cultural (C) LevelThis synopsis is related to the divided values or commonalties. For example, shared beliefs about what is right and wron g, good or bad, can form a consensus.Structural (S) LevelThis analysis demonstrates how oppression is sewn into the fabric of society through institutions that support both cultural norms and personal beliefs. somewhat institutions such as sections of the media, religion and the government can cement the beliefs.Case study homeless pregnant young personP Young person 18 years old sharing at her friends home. She is 3 week pregnant her boyfriend has left her and both arguing all the time. There is no support from home as her mother is on benefits and living off her. There is argument with her natural boyfriend for support.C being homeless within the community she is sharing her thoughts and feelings with different groups.S meshwork of divisions, social services, health, local authorityPractitioners will support with learning tools that transform to challenge oppression. Thompson, (2006) have identified the barriers in relating to honorable practice to identify form group- based ap proaches to anti-discriminatory practice to work together on issues of inequality, discrimination and oppression (Thompson, 2006). Challenging practice with young people engages them into ways at using wider insurance policy objectives ia person centred base. Service users will openly discuss and debate issues within a safe surroundings amongst their peers and focus on building ones confidence and reassurance within a group, as well as maintaining the learners concentration.These principles are about being worthy of attention regardless what they can do and who they are as follows esteem and promote young peoples rights to make their decision or choices, unless the offbeat of them as seriously threatened. Promote the welfare and safety while permitting them to learn through activities. Contributes towards the promotion of social justices for young people and encourages them to respect differences, vicissitude and challenging discrimination. Act with a profession integrity (Bank s, 2001)When assessing young people it is necessary to take into reflexion that there are no right or wrong answers. By using open questions, this allow service user to engage with the practitioner to expand on their opinions and experiences..ConclusionUsing the PCS model, I prize the signs within groups to work together and support each other on their strengths and weakness. Thompson, (1994) identified the barriers in relating to ethical practice to identify form group- based approaches to anti-discriminatory practice is to work together on issues of inequality, discrimination and oppression. Tuckmans theory in the workplace has helped to identify leadership within a group stage development. I identify the stages through tuckmans theory has helped to be non judegment al with clients as their strengths and weakness can be assesss to build up their esteem and confidence for them to rapport a good working relationship.